PCB Fabrication

Via In PAD

Also known as a capped via, this technique involves plating over the via hole to create a fully metalized surface. A minimum copper plating thickness of 5μm is required for Class 2, while Class 3 demands 12μm.

Due to the increasingly development of new generation electronics from industry 4.0, 5G technology and AI application, more and more electronics devices are smaller and smaller but working on high speed computing, this requires the base circuit board must be load much more components at smallest size than before. Via in Pad is a solution to the challenge of optimizing the printed circuit board size.

Close-up of a PCB cross-section showing Via-in-Pad (VIPPO) design and plating
Left: common via design; Right: design with via in pad
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What is the Via in Pad in a Printed Circuit Board Layout?

When it comes to PCB layout, or printed circuit board manufacturing, Via in Pad is a special circuit board layout technology to increase PCB density, to allows higher PCB component density (especially in BGA area and SMT IC area). Many electronics engineering designers like to use via in pad technology to significantly save circuit board space so as to load as more components as possible.

Via in Pad PCB Technology
PCB layout without via in pad
aser Drilled Via in Pad
PCB layout with via in pad
Micro Via in Pad Applications
Bottom side review
Via in Pad PCB Technology
Top side review
HDI PCB Via in Pad Guidelines
Via in pad PCB assembly

How It Looks Like that Via in Pad in an Existing Printed Circuit Board?

When talk via in pad production process in PCB manufacturing process, it is a process to fill the via holes which locate in the solder PAD by resin (conductive or non-conductive), and then plating copper over these holes and it’s pad and then coating surface finishing. This will make sure the finished PAD without any holes to leak the solder pasting in the PCB assembly process. This technology mostly used in some circuit boards with high precise BGA components assembled, or some PCB board with limited smaller over size and over thickness required.

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8 Key Advantages of Via-in-Pad Technology in PCB Design

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Optimized Trace Routing

Enables shorter, more direct signal paths by eliminating escape routing constraints.

Enhanced Thermal Performance

Improves heat dissipation through direct thermal transfer from pads to inner layers or ground planes.

Reduced High-Frequency Inductance

Minimizes parasitic inductance in RF/high-speed PCBs by shortening via stubs and current return paths.

Flat Surface for SMD Components

Provides a planarized pad surface (via capping) for reliable solder joint formation with fine-pitch components like BGAs.

Fewer PCB Layers Required

Reduces layer count by optimizing space utilization, lowering fabrication costs.

Compact PCB Size

Saves board area by eliminating via keep-out zones, enabling denser layouts.

Thinner PCB Profiles

Allows thinner designs by reducing the need for through-hole vias or additional layers.

Higher Component Density

Supports more components per unit area compared to traditional via-on-pad designs.

Higher Fabrication Costs

Complex manufacturing processes (e.g., laser drilling, copper filling, planarization) increase production expenses compared to standard PCBs.

Solder Joint Reliability Risks

Low-quality plating or voids in capped vias may cause solder wicking, BGA pad detachment ("solder off"), or voiding during reflow.

Dependency on Specialized Manufacturers

Requires certified PCB fabricators with advanced equipment and process controls to ensure via integrity and plating consistency.

3 Key Challenges of Via-in-Pad Technology in PCB Design

The manufacturing cost reference of Via in PAD technology to traditional via holes

Left is the cost reference from through via holes,tented via holes,blind via holes… to Via in Pad for PCB design reference.

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How to achieve the quality of VIA in PAD technology in PCB manufacturing process

Simply 4 steps in via in hole manufacturing process

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1

Step 1: make the via holes as traditional through via holes.

2

Step 2: filling the via holes by resin(conductive resin or non-conducive resin).

3

Step 3: Plating copper over top side(or both side) of the via holes and it’s Pads, to make sure the via hole to be plated as “shut up”.

4

Step 4: Surface finishing treatment over the Pad.

Via in PAD VS traditional via holes:

The PCB design guidelines on Via-in-pad

Following the design suggestion below or contact us freely when you need to perform a PCB layout on via in pad type.

Via hole size (mm)

0.20

PAD size (mm)

0.40

Annular ring size (mm) per side

0.10

Remark: No matter how big size of your via holes and PAD size is, but the minimum annular ring size must be no less than 0.1mm per side.
For more knowledge about Via in PAD PCB design, you can contact us freely by email: [email protected], our engineer will provide professional consult to your design issues.